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Namkhai Norbu () is a Dzogchen teacher who was born in Derge, eastern Tibet on 8 December 1938. When he was two years old, Namkhai Norbu was recognized as the 'mindstream emanation', a tulku, of the great Dzogchen teacher, Adzom Drugpa (1842-1924), at five he was also recognized as a mindstream emanation of an emanation of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel (1594–1651). From an early age Namkhai Norbu undertook an accelerated course of study, attending monastic college, taking retreats, and studying with renowned teachers, including some of the most important Tibetan masters of his time. Under the tutelage of these teachers, he completed the training required by Buddhist tradition in both Sutrayana and Tantrayana. At the age of sixteen he met master Rigdzin Changchub Dorje (1826-1961/1978),〔All sources give 1826 as year of birth; some sources give 1961 and others 1978 as year of death〕 who became his principal Dzogchen teacher.〔Norbu, Namkhai (1980, 1982) ''The Necklace of Gzi, A Cultural History of Tibet'' (Information Office of HH the Dalai Lama, Dharamsala).〕 In 1960 he came to Italy at the invitation of Professor Giuseppe Tucci, and served as Professor of Tibetan and Mongolian Language and Literature from 1964 to 1992 at the Naples Eastern University. Namkhai Norbu is widely recognized as a leading authority on Tibetan culture, particularly in the fields of history, literature, and Traditional Tibetan medicine and astrological sciences such as the Tibetan calendar. In 1983, he hosted the first International Convention on Tibetan Medicine, held in Venice, Italy.〔Dzogchen Romania. ''A brief biography of Chögyal Namkhai Norbu'' Online: () (accessed: May 14, 2008)〕 In 1976 Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen instruction in the West, first in Italy, then in numerous other countries. He quickly became a respected spiritual authority among many practitioners, and has created centers for the study of Dzogchen around the world. 〔Tsegyalgar East. Chögyal Namkhai Norbu (Biographical Sketch). Online: () (accessed: May 14, 2008)〕 ==Nomenclature, orthography and etymology== This section details the origins and meaning of the title Chögyal and the name Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ''Chos-rGyal Nam-mkha’i Nor-bu'').〔Capriles, Elías (2003). ''Buddhism and Dzogchen: The Doctrine of the Buddha and the Supreme Vehicle of Tibetan Buddhism - Part One Buddhism: A Dzogchen Outlook.'' University of the Andes: Mérida, Venezuela. Source: () (accessed: January 14, 2008) p.5〕 Chögyal is a title most commonly associated with the monarchy of Sikkim, now a state in far-northern India. However, Chögyal (or Chos-rGyal) is a title also conferred upon a special class of temporal and spiritual rulers of the Kingdom of Bhutan, who were recognized mindstream emanations of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the 17th Century Tibetan-born founder of Bhutan. Namkhai Norbu, recognized at the age of five as an emanation of Ngawang Namgyel, holds the title of Chögyal in this context.〔Norbu, Namkhai (2000). ''The Crystal and the Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra, Dzogchen''. (Snow Lion Publications) pg.19-20 & Notes.〕 ''Namkhai'' (Tibetan) holds the semantic field of "sky", "space" and "aether," and has the possessive case ending, thus it may be rendered into English as "...of the sky". ''Norbu'' (Tibetan) holds the semantic field of "jewel", "crystal", "gem", "cintamani". Therefore, Namkhai Norbu may be rendered in English as "Jewel of the Sky", "Gem of the Aether" or "Crystal of Space". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Namkhai Norbu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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